E-C- 304. English Teaching Language-1

Paper Name            : E-C- 304. English Teaching Language-1

Name                        : Amita C. Jani

 Roll No.                   : 10

Semester                 : III

Topic                          : Role of English in India

Date                           : 22/10/2011

Submitted to          : Mr. Devarshi Mehta

                                      Department of English,

                                      Bhavnagar University.

Satan and Saraswati: The Double Face of English in India

– E. ANNAMALAI

Abstract:

English plays a conflicting double role in India in policy and practice in public platform, private choice and in symbolic allegiance and instrumental use. After independence a pattern of bilingualism has emerged at the executive, legislative, legal and educational domains with English and an Indian language. At the popular level, however, preference for English has increased in spite of political opposition to it.

Here, in this paper presenter presents the issue related to India and Indian language that Indian policy and practice in language policy means language education and their rules and regulations but this policy do not have a flexibility to serves or to put that policy into practice and to put that partly you have to see India as a society. Two points are important here:

1)      Socio-philosophical dimension of language

2)      Socio-psychological dimension of language

But after putting this policy, problem is how far the policy is successful change the color of the society. So here we saw that in India, policy is faithful but practice is not faithful.

In India English used as the instrumental tool, mean it become the medium of education and we can do any courses in Indian as a selecting English as a medium of language or education. English is also symbol of national unity so it becomes Lanfranc – means common in all state. Although Hindi is our national language, very few people have accepted Hindi as our national language but English become bilingualism language of people. So this pattern is visible in India so there are advantages as English as our national language and some disadvantages also we find while using English as a language.

English as Saraswati:

There are some benefits of using English language like in past India has not official language, we did not know that we can make Hindi as our official language so people came and make English as our official language in India. British came and give us all the rules, terms and condition were prepared n English, not in our language.

India has two official languages: English and Hindi.

But Gujarat has three official languages: English, Hindi and Gujarati. English became language of education, modernization so every when we rebel, we used English not Hindi.

Example: Raja Rao

Whatever he writes, he writes in English because he wants to write for all India. So after accepting English as our second language, English contribute a lot one or another form. English people also remove out superstitions so in India English was the language of change. Even English people came and give us required systems like Education system, Postal service and Railway system. So in that way giving all this benefit, British connect all states by giving English as a link language.

English as proved Satan in India:

English also proved as Satan in India because English is not used in lower level – in a particular situation, so English cannot be the language of day-to-day conversation in India and it has only become medium to go for higher education and the age of specialization. So our Gujarati medium schools prove as not best in schools.

English is not our goal but our need. Even our policy makers are not well educated in India. The same was teacher of English do not get support of other faculties in India. Even in Gujarat also English is still a foreign tongue or language. Culture also effect a while speaking English because we cannot speaking English because we cannot express our feelings or idea in English or we cannot translate our myths or culture in English. In India we have failed to make English an interesting subject. It is only used in India as our personality, style, look and far other things but not as a language. We learnt English as a subject but not as language.

Teaching English as a Second Language in India: Focus on objectives. 

- SHRIVENDU K. VERMA 

Abstract:

After highlighting certain theoretical aspects of the notion “Objectives of language teaching”, we discuss the functionally determined sub-categorization of language into first language, second language and foreign language. We then focus on the objectives of teaching English as a second language in india.

The objectives of Language Teaching:

Every language has its function means it plays very big role in education, constitution, parliament at that time Indian people never use Hindi but they used English as language.

When this language interacts with our language or became a link language. It became more and richer. It earned new words and accepted many words from other language and became multilingual. But for Indian student, it is very difficult to learn the new structure.

Learning any language must be passive and it must include interaction process of learner. Learning language is not just the produce sentences which are grammatically appreciable but also it must include two important things that what to say and how to say? Your learner should expose to target language and there must be variety so expose learner to different variety, different situations in which target language is used.

Example: Foyer – large room

It only used in hotel so using English as a language they must capable to use English at different situation and different context.

Concentrate of four skills, according to their role; they have to select their language. But at that time a teacher of life and vigor, resourcefulness and innovative power and it must be living model or active in classroom activities.

Functionally determined subcategories:

1)      First Language (L1):

Education must be in mother language otherwise the feeling of language will never come. L1 is indispensable of national culture. It is the primary means for the transmission of culture from one generation to another generation. Learning through the mother language is the most potent and comprehensive medium for the expression of the student’s entire personality.

2)      Second Language (L2):

L2 may be used as an auxiliary or associate language as a slot filler, it performing those functions which are not normally performed through L1. English as a second language or interstate or international link language, it also used as international language of knowledge, trade and industry. L2 is more associated with medium of instruction at all level or at particular level. In India L2 is also used as official language.

3)      Foreign Language :

It is used by a select group of learners in a very restricted set of situation. The main objective of learning a foreign language is to have direct access to the speakers of these languages and their cultures. It enables the learners to participate in a foreign society in certain roles and certain situations. Your L2 can be your foreign language.

4)      Classical Language :

A classical language like Sanskrit provides access to ancient culture, learning and philosophy of life and is assumed to contribute it the intellectual enrichment of its learners. Its real value cannot be measured in terms of what it helps you do in everyday life but in terms of refining your sensibility and sharpening your tails of analysis, enriching the modern language and offering “insight” into a variety of linguistic problems.

Objectives of teaching English as a second language in India:

There are some objectives of teaching English as a second language in India. Those are like this what are roles of Hindi, English, regional languages, classical language, foreign language and language of minority group in our multilingual setting? What are the topics and situations that will necessitate the use of English? What is the kind and amount of English that the learners will need?

English language is our “Window of the world”. It become globalization language but as far as industrialism concern it is necessary in India but it also rejected in rural area of India.

English is also used for our national integration, mother tongue as well as two languages are important that are English and Hindi. But while using any language the context of logic is important and in our first language we can’t learn it easily but in L2 we can learn it.

English also cannot be used as our “library language” and all classical books are translated in English so we can get knowledge from English.

English is also proved as a language of opportunity in India because in India with the knowledge of English one can easily earn money or can be rich so it is also proved as a language of opportunities in India.

Teaching of English: A Plea for Practical Attitude

            – R.K. SINGH

Abstract:

English in India is a potential national resource. It is important to develop tolerance and positive attitudes towards English practical approaches can be adopted in the areas of its teaching by making it move need based, flexible and innovative.

Practical approaches can be adopted in the areas of its teaching by making it more need based, flexible and innovative and it can be happen after knowing nature of the student or it must be flexible because no teaching method is perfect for learner. Means be flexible or don’t continue in same manner or keep on changes.

Need based teaching program:

By doing this type of need based teaching we can come to know about student pre-knowledge or their level or what their need to stand a particular thing are. For that, teacher has to know about student by three levels. Those are:

1)      Current level

2)      Desire level

3)      Current trend

Current level shows that where your student stands and for that take test in class. Then current trend shows how much knowledge of society your students have because you are in the society and with the change of time your knowledge must be enhanced. But question is how far this pre-knowledge help to learn more? Example, if we want to teach them adjectives then first we have to teach them about what is objective and this can we only know by knowing about their pre-knowledge and needs. At the same time they don’t need a theoretical knowledge of target language but an ability to understand language within the context.

In conclusion, practical approach must be related to student’s intellectual awareness and they deserve an opportunity to think, to provide information from their world of knowledge, to express their personal opinion and to disagree with other people at the same time. Teacher is not teacher but helpful, and teacher not take place but learning take place, so that prepare task in that way so student are intellectually involve in it.